非谓语动词主要包括定式360问答、动名词和现分词了区分三种同非谓语动词用法和含义我们分别从三种非谓语动词句子做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语杀谁时及些特殊结构句型等角度来区吸研听距夫虽免足样值航分其用法和细微含义 1.定式和动名词作主语区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而定式作主语表示具体动作 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.里禁止抽烟(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much.抽多烟对身体好(具体) (2)动名词作主语时通常用另断客余讲设概创程表示件已知事或经验 定式短变取烧北一诗语通常用来表示件未完成事或目 留吧两便Climbing 四技首民图顾使的mountains is interesting.爬山有趣(经验) Driving a car during th云怕杂限阻纸以粒表e rush hour is tiring.高峰时刻认容氧松及李专开车令人厌烦(经验) (3)定式做主语般用it当形式主语把作主语定式短语置 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 2.定式、动名词和分词作表语区别 (1)定式作表语 1)定妒飞资首绿台式作表语般表示具体动作特别表示来动作 To do two things at a time is to do neither.-次做两件事等于未做 What I would suggest is to start work at once.我建议立刻开始干 2)主语定式(表示条件)表语也定式(表示结) To see is to believe.百闻见 To work means to earn a living.工作了生活 3)主语aim duty hope idea happiness job plan problem purpose thing wish等心名词或what引导名词性从句定式作表语对主语起补充说明 作用 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.希望远来买辆豪华轿车 The function of L方住读ouis Sullivan‘s architecture was to provide large uninter九式硫延氧声民七女贵矛rupted floo罪裂统湖钱流督深起r areas and to allow ample light into the interi采难停答张车酒本调or. The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant. (2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语表示抽象般性理于盾胞经钟由电普行 Our work is serving the people.我们工作人民服务 His hobby is collecting stamps.爱好集邮 (注)动名词作表语时与进行时态现分词形式相同其所属结构迥异进行时态说明动作由主语完成动名词做表语说明主语性质或情况 People cannot but 和把盾氢准feel puzzled 粒字宜for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. His victory in the final 击财语was no more convincing than I had expected. (3)分词作表语 分词做表语有两种情况种现分词做表语种过去分词做表语两者区别考试经常考地方般来说表示心理状态动词excite interest等都及物动词汉语意思激动高兴而使激动、使高兴因而现分词应该令人激动、令人高兴过去分词则感激动和感高兴所凡表示令人……都-ing形式凡表示感……都用-ed形式换句说若人对……感兴趣somebody is interested in……若人/物本身有兴趣时说sb./sth. is interesting.类词常见有: interesting使人感高兴-interested感高兴 exciting令人激动-excited感激动 delighting令人高兴-delighted感高兴 disappointing令人失望-disappointed感失望 encouraging令人鼓舞-encouraged感鼓舞 pleasing令人愉快-pleased感愉快 puzzling令人费解-puzzled感费解 satisfying令人满意-satisfied感满意 surprising令人惊异-surprised感惊异 worrying令人担心-worried感担心 Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行有趣使人疲劳 The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.要学生学得太多们会感糊涂 The argument is very convincing.论点令人信服 They were very excited at the news.听消息们非常激动 3.定式和动名词作宾语区别 英语大多数动词既跟定式也跟动名词作直接宾语有些动词要求: (1)定式做宾语和宾语补足语 1)下面动词要求定式做宾语 attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲打算 begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略漏 appear似乎显得 determine决定 manage设法 cease停止 hate憎恨厌恶 pretend假装 ask问 dread害怕 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg请求 fail能 plan计划 bother扰乱;烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢宁愿 care关心喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉遗憾 choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺允许 start开始 undertake承接 want想要 consent同意赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 decide决定 learn学习 vow起 contrive设法图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 seek找寻觅 try试图 2)下面动词要求定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词定式 ask要求邀请 get请得 prompt促使 allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢宁愿 announce宣布 force*** press迫使 bride 收买 inspire鼓舞 request请求 assist协助 hate憎恶 pronounce断定表示 advise劝告 exhort告诫勉励 pray请求 authorize授权委托 help帮助 recommend劝告推荐 bear容忍 implore恳求 remind提醒 beg请求 induce引诱 report报告 compel*** invite吸引邀请 summon传唤 command命令 intend想要企图 show 显示 drive驱赶 mean意欲打算 train训练 cause引起 instruct指示 require要求 deserve应受 leave使让 tell告诉 direct指导 like喜欢 tempt劝诱 entitle有资格 order命令 warn告诫 enable使能够 need需要 urge激励力说 encourage鼓励 oblige得 want想要 condemn指责谴责 lead引起使得 teach教 entreat恳求 permit允许 wish希望 (2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语 acknowledge承认自认 cease 停止 mention说讲 admit 承认 tolerate忍受 dislike喜欢讨厌 advocate:提倡主张 complete完成 dread怕 appreciate 感激欣赏 confess坦白 endure忍受 avoid避免 contemplate细想 enjoy享有喜爱 bear忍受 defer拖延 envy嫉妒 can‘t help禁 delay延迟 escape逃跑逃避 can‘t stand受了 deny否认 excuse借口 consider 考虑 detest嫌恶 fancy幻想爱好 favor 造成偏爱 mind 介意 repent悔悟 figure描绘计算 miss错过 resent怨恨 finish完成结束得 pardon原谅饶恕 resist抵抗阻止 forgive原谅 permit 允许 resume恢复 imagine设想 postpone延迟延期 risk冒险 involve卷入包含 practise 实行实践 suggest建议 hate讨厌 prevent阻止 save营救储蓄 keep保持 quit放弃停止 stand坚持忍受 loathe非常讨厌厌恶 recall回想 例:I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我感激两年前给我出国学习机会 (3)有些动词使用动名词和动词定式作宾语差别 1)forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做) forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生) 2)stop to do 停止、断(某件事)目去做另件事 stop doing 停止正或经常做事 3)remember to do 记住去做某事(未做) remember doing记得做过某事(已做) 4) regret to do对要做事遗憾 regret doing对做过事遗憾、悔 5)try to do努力、企图做某事 try doing试验、试试某种办法 6) mean to do打算有意要… mean doing意味着 7)go on to do 继而(去做另外件事情) go on doing 继续(原先没有做完事情) 8)propose to do 打算(要做某事) proposing doing建议(做某事) 9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行;+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念 (注)些动词前有should词其宾语只跟定式能跟动名词例: I should like to see him tomorrow. 10) need want deserve +动名词表被动意义;+定式被动态表示要(修、清理等)意思 Don‘t you remember seeing the man before记得前见过人 You must remember to leave tomorrow.要记着明天动身 I don‘t regret telling her what I thought.我悔给讲过我想法(已讲过) I regret to have to do this but I have no choice.我遗憾必须样去做我实没办法(未做要做) You must try to be more careful.要多加小心 Let‘s try doing the work some other way.让我们试试用另外种办法来做工作 I didn‘t mean to hurt your feeling.我没想要伤害感情 This illness will mean (your) going to hospital.得了种病()要进医院 4.定式、现分词和过去分词作定语区别 (1)定式作定语 1)定式与其所修饰名词能主谓关系 He was the last one to leave school yesterday.昨天离开教室 The train to arrive was from London.要站火车从伦敦开来 2)定式与其所修饰名词能动宾关系 Get him something to eat.给拿点儿东西吃 She has a lot of work to do in the morning.早上有多工作要做 3)及物动词构成定式做定语要加上适当介词和被修饰名词形成逻辑上动宾关系里介词能省去 I need a pen to write with.我需要支笔写字 There is nothing to worry about.没有值得发愁 4)定式修饰些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词: ability能力本领 drive赶驾驶 movement运动活动 ambition抱负野心 effort努力尝试 need需要需求 campaign战役运动 failure失败及格 opportunity机会 chance机会 force力压力要点 promise许诺希望 courage勇气 intention意向意图 reason理由原因 decision决定 method方法方式 light光光线亮光 determination决心决定 motive动机目 struggle奋斗努力 tendency倾向趋势 wish希望愿望祝愿 5)被修饰名词前有序数词、形容词高级或next second last only和not athe等限定词时候只能用定式 6)定代词something nothing little much a lot 等习惯上用定式做定语 John will do anything but work on a farm.除了农活约翰都愿意干 7)其动词要求用定式做宾语或者其形容词要器接定式做补语则相应名词般用定式做定语: tend to do-tendency to do;decide to do = decision to do;be curious to do = curiosity to do His wish to buy a car came true.要买辆车愿望实现了 Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us. 们放弃实验决定使我们大吃惊 He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 总第来离去 (2)分词作定语 分词作定语时有下面几特点: 1)现分词表示主动意义过去分词般表示被动含意 2)现分词表示正进行过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)事 He rushed into the burning house.冲进了正燃烧着房子 The child standing over there is my brother.站儿男孩子我弟弟 The room facing south is our classroom.朝南房间我们教室 Have you got your watch repaired 拿修好表了 He is an advanced teacher.先进教师 3)下列及物动词也过去分词形式做定语或表语具有被动意义点要注意: departed elapsed faded fallen gone frown-up retired returned risen set vanished much-traveled newly-arrived recently-come (3)定式和分词作定语时时间关系 般来说定式所表示动作发生谓语动词所表示动作之;现分词所表示动作与谓语动词所表示动作同时发生;过去分词表示动作发生谓语动词所表示动作之前例: Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing 要见位从北京请来医生 Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office 要见位正办公室里写病历医生 5.定式和分词作状语区别 (1)现分词与过去分词作状语区别 现分词做状语与过去分词做状语主要区别于两者与所修饰主语主动与被动关系区别 1)现分词作状语时现分词动作句子主语动作们之间关系主动关系 He went out shutting the door behind him. 出去门随手关上 Not knowing what to do he went to his parents for help. 由于知何办好去找父母帮忙 2)过去分词作状语时过去分词表示动作句子主语承受动作们之间关系被动关系 Given more attention the trees could have grown better. 对些树多关心些们本来会长得更好 Faced with difficulties we must try to overcome them. 遇困难时候我们必须设法克服 (2)动词定式和分词作状语区别 1)分词作状语般表示伴随而定式常常表示目 They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.们站路边谈论着计划(伴随) They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.们站路边谈论计划(目) 2)分词作状语放句子开头除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件动词定式作状语时除了表示目外还表示结或原因 Reading attentivelyhe forgot the time for lunch.由于专心读书忘了吃午饭时间(原因) Reading carefullyhe found something he had not known before.仔细读书时发现了些从前知道东西(时间) Reading carefullyyou‘ll learn something new.只要仔细阅读会学些新东西(条件) His family was too poor to support him.家庭太穷能维持生活(结) The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf.男孩子够高手伸书架(结) We are glad to hear the news.我们高兴听消息(原因) (3)下面些句型定式做状语时候应该注意: a:not/never too…to too…not to but/only too… to too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义 b:做结状语定式只能出现句子末尾常见定式动词有:find hear see be told form give make produce 等 c:定式做状语时其逻辑主语般句子主语否则用for引导主语◤爱哭鬼◢ - 见习魔法师 二级 会抄袭别人吧垃圾了***告诉吧 甜甜_水糖 - 初入*** 二级我新建号垃圾抄袭我自己会***人 靠靠靠靠靠◤爱哭鬼◢ - 见习魔法师 二级 草
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