英语主语、谓语、宾语、状语、表语、定语、补语、宾补 位置烟雨 英语主语、谓语、宾语、状语、表语、定语、补语、宾补 位置『黑***ひ粉末』 组成句子各部分叫句子成分英语句子成分有主语谓语表语宾语宾语补足语定语状语等 顺序般主语谓语宾语宾语补足语而表语定语状语位置要根据情况而定 1、主语 主语表示句子主要说明人或事物般由名词代词数词定式等充当 Helikeswatch'ingTV.喜欢看电视 2、谓语 谓语说明主语动作状态或特征 般分两类: 1)简单谓语 由动词(或短语动词)构成 有同时态语态和语气 Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们人民学习 2)复合谓语:情态动词+定式 Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我说点英语 3、表语 表语谓语部分位于系动词 be 之说明主语身份特征属性或状态般由名词代词形容词副词定式介词短语等充当 Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐护士 4、宾语 宾语表示动作行对象跟及物动词之能作宾语有名词代词数词动词定式等 WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语 有些及物动词带两宾语往往指人指物指人叫间接宾语指物叫直接宾语 Hegavemesom'eink.给了我点墨水 有些及物动词宾语面还需要有补足语意思才完整宾语和补足语构成复合宾语: Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选当班长 5、定语 句修饰名词或代词成分叫定语 用作定语主要形容词代词数词名词副词动词定式介词短语等形容词代词数词名词等作定语时通常放被修饰词前面 Heisanewstu'dent.新生 副词动词定式介词短语等作定语时则放被修饰词之 Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里自行车我 6、状语 修饰动词形容词副词及全句句子成分叫做状语用作状语通常副词介词短语定式和从句等状语般放被修饰词之或放句尾副词作状语时放被修饰词前或句首 HelivesinLon'don.住伦敦 7.补语 用来说明宾语或主语所处状态或正进行动作因英语有些动词加宾语意思仍完整:make(使...),ask(请)等等我们说:我们使我们祖国句完整应该说:我们使我们祖国更美丽美丽(beautiful)形容词做补语说明祖国状态英语句子:We will make our country more beautiful.作补语词或词组:形容词副词名词定式ing 形式数词等 8.宾补 宾语补足语补充说明宾语 例:I know you are student good at maths 句子good at maths 补语 宾语补语也句子所句子也: I know you are student who is good at maths 还-ing 形式 I see you crossing the street 简单说补充和说明主语和宾语成分.因此,出现了主语补足语和宾语补足语.上面两位举例子都错.只热雪冰冷宾补句子例子恰当哦.例子定语从句 啊 还有 主语补足语表语 例:Tom is a student.student 对 Tom 解释与说明. 另外,Tom was seen playing on the playground.句子playing 对Tom解释说明 主补 英语句子基本结构归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装掌握五种基本句型掌握各种英语句子结构基础 英语五种基本句型列式下: 基本句型:SV(主+谓) 基本句型二:SVP(主+谓+表) 基本句型三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 基本句型四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 基本句型五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型 此句型句子有共同特点即句子谓语动词都能表达完整意思 类动词叫做及物动词面跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等 ┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ ┃S│V(及物动词)┃ ┠---------------┼---------------┨ ┃1. The sun│was shining.┃ ┃2. The moon │rose. ┃ ┃3. The universe │remains.┃ ┃4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink.┃ ┃5. Who│cares?┃ ┃6. What he said │does not matter.┃ ┃7. They │talkedfor half an hour. ┃ ┃8. The pen│writessmoothly┃ 1. 太阳照耀着 2. 月亮升起了 3. 宇宙长存 4. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝 5. 管呢 6. 所讲没有关系 7. 们谈了半小时 8. 支笔书写流利 基本句型二 此句型句子有共同特点:句子谓语动词都能表达完整意* 思必须加上表明主语身份或状态表语构成复合谓语才能表达完整* 意思类动词叫做连系动词系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属* 类表示情况;get, grow, become, turn 等属另类表示变化be 本身没* 有意义,只起连系主语和表语作用其系动词仍保持其部分词义 ┏━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ ┃S│V(系动词)│P┃ ┠-------┼-------┼---------------┨ ┃1. This │is│an English-Chinese dictionary.┃ ┃2. The dinner │smells│good. ┃ ┃3. He │fell│in love.┃ ┃4. Everything │looks │different.┃ ┃5. He │is growing│tall and strong.┃ ┃6. The trouble│is│that they are short of money. ┃ ┃7. Our well │has gone│dry.┃ ┃8. His face │turned│red.┃ ┗━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ 1. 本英汉辞典 2. 午餐气味好 3. 堕入了情网 4. 切看来都同了 5. 长得又高又壮 6. 麻烦们缺少钱 7. 我们井干枯了 8. 脸红了 基本句型三 此句型句子共同特点:谓语动词都具有实义都主语产生动作 能表达完整意思必须跟有宾语即动作承受者才能使意思完 整类动词叫做及物动词 ┏━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ ┃S│V(及物动词)│ O ┃ ┠-------┼-------┼---------------┨ ┃1. Who│knows │the answer? ┃ ┃2. She│smiled│her thanks. ┃ ┃3. He │has refused │to help them. ┃ ┃4. He │enjoys│reading.┃ ┃5. They │ate │what was left over. ┃ ┃6. He │said│"Good morning." ┃ ┃7. I│want│to have a cup of tea. ┃ ┃8. He │admits│that he was mistaken. ┃ ┗━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1. 谁知道答案 2. 微笑表示感谢 3. 拒绝帮们忙 4. 喜欢看书 5. 们吃了剩饭 6. 说:早上好 7. 我想喝杯茶 8. 承认犯了错误 基本句型四 此句型句子有共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两宾语才能表达完整 意思两宾语动作直接承受者另动作间接承受者 通常间接承受者用介词来连接当动作间接承受者动作直接承 受者之前时介词往往被省略 ┏━━━━┯━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ ┃S│V(及物)│ o(多指人) │ O(多指物) ┃ ┠----┼-----┼-------┼------------┨ 1. She│ordered │herself │a new dress.┃ ┃2. She│cooked│her husband │a delicious meal. ┃ ┃3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. ┃ ┃4. He │denies│her │nothing.┃ ┃5. I│showed│him │my pictures.┃ ┃6. I│gave│my car│a wash. ┃ ┃7. I│told│him │that the bus was late.┃ ┃8. He │showed│me│how to run the machine. ┃ ┗━━━━┷━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ 1. 给自己定了套新衣裳 2. 给丈夫煮了餐美馔 3. 给带来了本字典 4. 对都拒绝 5. 我给看我照片 6. 我洗了我汽车 7. 我告诉汽车晚点了 8. 教我开机器 基本句型五 此句型句子共同特点:动词虽及物动词只跟宾语还 能表达完整意思必须加上补充成分来补足宾语才能使意思完整 ┏━━━━┯━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ ┃ S │V(及物)│ O(宾语) │C(宾补)┃ ┠----┼-----┼-------┼------------┨ ┃1. They │appointed │him │manager.┃ ┃2. They │painted │the door│green.┃ ┃3. This │set │them│thinking. ┃ ┃4. They │found │the house │deserted. ┃ ┃5. What │makes │him │think so? ┃ ┃6. We │saw │him │out.┃ ┃7. He │asked │me│to come back soon.┃ ┃8. I│saw │them│getting on the bus. ┃ ┗━━━━┷━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ 1. 们任命当经理 2. 们把门漆成绿*** 3. 使得们要细想想 4. 们发现房子无人居住 5. 会样想 6. 我们送出去 7. 要我早点回来 8. 我看见们上了辆公共汽车 常用英语句子并都象基本句型样简短些句子除了基本句型 成分变外通常些成分前面或面增加些修饰语(modifier)而 加扩大些修饰语单词(主要形容词、副词和数词)也 各种类型短语(主要介词短语、定式短语和分词短语)下面基本句 型五例: We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listen- ing to an important report. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师听重要报告 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listen- ing to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师听人民日报位同志作有关 东欧局势重要报告 同动词使用句型也尽样因此学习动词时应掌握动词类 型 get 例: He's getting angry. (S V C) He got through the window.(S V M) You'll get a surprise.(S V O) He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C) He got himself into trouble.(S V O M) He got her a splendid present.(S V o O) 句子词类和词位置也影响句子句型和意思: I found the book easily.我容易地找了本书(S V O M) I found the book easy.我觉得本书容易(S V O C) I have to do something. 我得做点事 I have something to do. 我有点事做 表语从句"表句句子",同理,宾语从句,定语从句都样理解. 表语从句放连系动词之,充当复合句表语/ 下面我找材料,参考下吧. ================== 基本概念 1. 定义:用作表语从句叫做表语从句 2. 构成:关联词+简单句 3. 引导表语从句关联词种类: (1) 从属连词that: The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦我把地址丢了 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if: He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 看起来还与十年前样 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题们否能帮我们 注:从属连词if 般用来引导表语从句as if 却引导表语从句: All this was over twenty years ago, but it??s as if it was only yesterday. 都20 多年前事了宛昨天样 能跟表语从句谓语动词般系动词be, seem, look 等: It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了 (3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why :The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题我们能找谁去替换呢 The question is how he did it. 问题何做此事 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 今晨上了阁楼干 重点疑难 1. 连词because 引导表语从句: I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想因做得太多 2. 些表示建议、劝说、命令名词面表语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示should 省略: My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我建议我们明天早出发 英语里基本6 时态 、 般现时: 用动词原型表示单数第三人称要加-s词尾加-s 时要注意: 1. 般情况:加-s 例:readswritessays 2. sxchsh 收尾词加-es 例:teacheswashesguesses 3. 辅音字母+y 结尾词变y i 再加-es 例:try-triescarry-carries 时态疑问句般句首加助动词 dodoes 构成句动词要用原型动词 be 提前: do you know it are you students does she have a pen 1.般现时表示经常性或习惯性动作: we always care for each other and help each other they cycle to work every day 2.现特征或状态: he loves sports do you singa little i major in english 3. 遍真理: light travels faster than sound two and four makes six the moon moves round the earth 有些表示状态和感觉动词常常用于般现时:belovelikehatewant hopeneedpreferwishknowunderstandrememberbelieverecognize guesssupposemeanbelongthink()feelenvydoubtremainconsist containseemlook(看起来)seefitsuitoweownhearfindsuggest proposeallowshow(说明)provemind(意)have(有)sound(听起来)taste(尝起来)matterrequirepossessdesire 等等 i feel a sharp pain in my chest the soup contains too much salt you see what i mean the coat fits you very well how do you find the book 有些表示动作动词间或用于时态表示现刻动作由于动作持续时间 机短用于进行时自: i send you my best wishes i salute your courage now i extend my heartfelt thanks to you 口语时态用来表示按规定、计划或安排发生情况(都有表示未来时间状语): when do the train leave(stop at jinan) the plane take off at 11 am tomorrow is saturday is there a firm on tonight 只限少数动词begincomegoleavesailstartarrivereturndine endstopdepartopenclosebe 等另外时间或条件从句来动作或状态多用时态表示: tell her about that when she come turn off the light before you leave we‘ll start as soon as you are ready 口语时态间或用来表示已经发生动作(动作发生时间说人脑处于重要地位): they say xiao wu is backis that true xiao yu tells me you‘re going abroad ohi forget where he lives yesyou answer quite well 此外般现时还多用于报刊、电影、电视解说等其几种情况 二、 现进行时 现进行时用助动词 be 人称形式加现分词构成肯定、否定、疑问形式下: i am working i am not working am i working 现进行时主要表示现或现阶段正进行动作 where are they having the basket-ball match they are putting up the scaffolding he‘s showing a foreign guest round the city 少情况下表示正进行动作汉语句子并没有正样字译英语时却必须用进行时态: how are you getting on with the work the work is going fairly smoothly you are making rapid progress it is blowing hard who are you waiting for whenever i see hershe is working in the garden我每次看时总花园里干活 般现时所列表示状态和感觉动词般能用于进行时态因们能表示正进行动作词义转变能表示正进行动作能 够用于进行时态试比较下面句子: do you see anyone over there看里有人 are you seeing someone off给谁送行 i hear someone singing我听见有人唱歌 they are hearing an english talk们听英语报告 what do you think of it觉得样 what are you thinking about想 另外表示无法持续动作动词般宜用于进行时态有些用于时态表示重复、即等: he is jumping up and down上下地跳着 the train is arriving火车要进站了 the old man is dying老头病危了 现进行时有时用来表示近按计划或安安排要进行动作(多有表示未来时间状语): we are leaving on friday are you going anywhere tomorrow a foreign guest is giving a lecture in english this afternoon xiao hongcoming who is interpreting for you we are having a holiday next monday 仅限于少量动词gocomeleavestartarrivelunchreturndine worksleepstayplaydohavewear 等 另外be going+定式结构经常用来表示即发生事或打算(准备)做事: i am afraid it is going to rain it is going to be rather cold tomorrow she is not going to speak at the meeting 结构过去有许多人赞成用 go 和 come 两动词感别扭主张说 are you going to go anywhere tomorrow而说 are you going anywhere tomorrow说is she going to come而说is she coming现种结构用两动词人越来越多种用法基本上被大家接受了 此外时间和条件状语从句间或也用现进行时表示来情况或般情况: do not mention this when you are talking with him remember that when you are taking a restsome else is always working if she is still sleepingdo not wake her up 现进行时有时用来代替般现时表示经常性动作或状态或了表示种感情(a)赞叹、厌烦等或了强调情况暂时性(b) a. how are you feeling today(比how do you feel today更显亲切) xiao hua is doing fine work at school(比xiao hua does fine work at school更富赞美) he is always thinking of his work表赞许 he is constantly leaving his thing about老乱扔东西(表满) he is always boasting老爱说大(表厌烦) b.he is sleeping in the next room now现现隔壁房间睡了(再原来房间睡了) the professor is typing his own letters while his secretary is ill where is he working现里工作(能刚换工作) for this week we are starting work at 7:30 he is walking to work because his bicycle is being repaired be 间或用于进行时态表示时表现: you are not being modest he is being silly she is being friendly xiao hong is being a good girl today do not talk roti am being serious 注: there 和here 引起句子常用般现时代替现进行时: here comes the bus(=the bus is coming.) there goes the bell. (=the bell is ringing.) 某些情况下两种情况都用没有多少差别: i wonder (am wondering) how i should answer then. does your leg hurt? (is your leg hurting?) it itches (is itching) terribly. my back aches (is aching). i write (am writing ) to inform you. 英语主语、谓语、宾语、状语、表语、定语、补语、宾补 位置『黑***ひ粉末』 组成句子各部分叫句子成分英语句子成分有主语谓语表语宾语宾语补足语定语状语等 顺序般主语谓语宾语宾语补足语而表语定语状语位置要根据情况而定 1、主语 主语表示句子主要说明人或事物般由名词代词数词定式等充当
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